Can a form change details with a drop down box?

I would like to create a form which starts with a multi-option drop down box. 

Depending on the selection in that first box, I would like different information to appear in the rest of the form. 

Is this possible? If so, how would I do it?

It is indeed possible to show/hide fields based on previous input in the form.  This can be done using conditional logic in the form:

https://www.jotform.com/help/57-Smart-Forms-Using-Conditional-Logic

Here are the specific guides for show/hide conditions:

https://www.jotform.com/help/316-How-to-Show-or-Hide-Fields-Base-on-User-s-Answer

https://www.jotform.com/help/196-Hide-or-Show-Multiple-Fields-at-Once

https://www.jotform.com/help/297-Show-or-Hide-multiple-fields-at-once-using-form-collapse-tool