Can fields be displayed into multiple columns?

Is jotform capable of all these things and design-wise allows for multi-columns and visuals like in the example? We want to be sure before proposing it to the client.

This is possible, but note that you may need to increase the form's width, for example, if you shrink two fields and they still do not display inline you will need to increase the form's with.

These guides will help you doing so: 

https://www.jotform.com/help/90-Form-Field-Positioning

https://www.jotform.com/help/35-The-Importance-of-Form-Widths 

I hope this helps.