How can my form validate entered information for email and phone number?

say if the user entered a phone number and email, then the form would only except it if the phone number and email details were legitimate (missing the '@' symbol or missing the '.' in '.com'?

The fields are already validated, you will find them under the Quick Fields while in the Form Builder:

The email address field validates that it contains "@" and "." so if you enter an invalida email address you will get an error message: 

Additionally we have some widgets that will help you with this, for the phone number: 

https://widgets.jotform.com/widget/country_code

https://widgets.jotform.com/widget/phone_picker

If you want to validate the email address used, this widget will do it sending an email and with a verification code: 

https://widgets.jotform.com/widget/e-mail_validator 

This other widget will valide the email address as well, so if it does not exist your user will be notified about it. 

https://widgets.jotform.com/widget/xverify_email 

This guide will help you to add a widget to your form: How-to-Add-a-Widget-to-your-Form

If you have any question, please let us know.