Legalidad de la firma electrónica en la Unión Europea
El Reglamento (UE) nº 910/2014 de la Unión Europea, también llamado eIDAS, regula la identificación electrónica y los servicios de confianza dentro de la UE. El eIDAS entró plenamente en vigor en 2016, sustituyendo a la Directiva 1999/93/CE, que anteriormente regulaba las firmas electrónicas.
Individual EU member states have managed the implementation of the eIDAS regulation in their own laws and civil codes. While eIDAS’s framework is used across the EU, specific requirements and rules governing e-signatures may vary depending on which EU member state you’re in.
eIDAS recognizes three types of signatures, with different requirements for each:
- Simple Electronic Signature (SES) includes typed signatures, including email signatures.
- Advanced Electronic Signature (AdES) is specifically linked to the signer and their data.
- Qualified Electronic Signature (QES) requires certificates issued by qualified signature creation devices.
Qualified e-signatures have the strictest requirements and, depending on the circumstances and the country, can be accepted as valid alternatives to handwritten signatures.
Consult a legal professional to ensure you’re following all relevant laws and procedures governing e-signatures.
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