A vasectomy operation permanently stops the fl
ow of sperm from the testicles to the outside,
thus preventing a man from fathering children
.
POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS DURING
AND AFTER YOUR PROCEDURE
All surgical procedures carry certain risks an
d have potential complications.
During the procedure potential problems includ
e:
1. Some men (about 1 in 100) may experience
when the local anesthetic needle is administe
red. This brief loss of consciousness typicall
y resolves quickly. In most cases, the procedu
re can be completed once the patient regains c
onsciousness. However, in rare instances, it m
ay not be possible to proceed with the procedu
re.
2. A small number of men (about 1 in 100) may
find the sensation of
during the procedure intolerable. In such cas
es, it may be necessary to discontinue and ref
er the patient for completion of the procedure
under sedation or general anesthesia.
After the procedure, most men experience some
bruising, mild pain, and swelling, which typic
ally resolves within two weeks.
Less common complications include:
of the surgical wound, testicles, epididymis,
or urinary tract (up to 1%): Signs of infecti
on may include redness or discharge at the wou
nd site, testicular pain and swelling, pain du
ring urination, fever, or a general feeling of
being unwell. If infection occurs, oral antib
iotics will be required. In rare cases of seve
re infection, hospital admission and intraveno
us antibiotics may be necessary.
within the scrotum (up to 1%): Bleeding can o
ccur during or after vasectomy. In cases where
significant bleeding occurs within the scrotu
m, drainage of a scrotal hematoma (blood clot)
in a hospital operating room may be necessary
. Smaller hematomas usually do not require sur
gical drainage but may cause tender swelling l
asting 2 to 4 weeks. If bleeding occurs at the
vasectomy access site, the scrotal skin may b
ecome discolored (black and blue) for about a
week. This discoloration is more common than s
welling, typically painless, and usually does
not require treatment.
3. Early Recanalisa
tion / Procedure Fa
ilure:
There is a chance that your vasectomy may not
be successful, resulting in the presence of s
perm in your ejaculate. It is essential to com
plete a semen analysis three months after your
vasectomy to confirm the procedure’s effectiv
eness. If the vasectomy has failed, a repeat p
rocedure will be necessary.
4. Delayed Recana
lisation (Late Fa
ilure):
There is a very small chance that the vas def
erens may spontaneously rejoin even after you
have been confirmed sterile. The likelihood of
delayed recanalisation is approximately 1 in
2,000 to 1 in 3,000 men.
5. Granulom
a (up to 50
%):
A granuloma is a small, pea-sized lump that c
an form on the vas deferens at the vasectomy s
ite. While these lumps are usually painless an
d tend to disappear within 12 months, they can
occasionally be tender and may require treatm
ent. Periodic tenderness typically responds we
ll to anti-inflammatory medications like ibupr
ofen.
A tender build-up of sperm and white blood ce
lls may occur upstream from or at the vasectom
y site. This can happen at any time after the
vasectomy but usually resolves with anti-infla
mmatory medications such as aspirin or ibuprof
en. The incidence of congestion is greatly red
uced with the open-ended vasectomy technique.
(up to 1%): A reactive hydrocele is a benign
condition in which fluid collects around one o
r both testicles, usually within two weeks fol
lowing the procedure. In most cases the fluid
resolves naturally within a few weeks without
the need for surgery. In very rare instances (
fewer than 1 in 10,000), if the fluid persists
beyond 12 months and significantly impacts da
ily activities, a referral to a urologist may
be necessary for drainage.
8. Post Vasectomy
Pain Syndrome (PVP
S)
: PVPS is a potential complication of vasectom
y, characterised by chronic or persistent pain
in the testicles or scrotum that may last for
months or even years. Unfortunately, it is no
t possible to predict which patients may devel
op PVPS. The risk of PVPS has been estimated a
s high as 5%, though the rate among men who ha
ve undergone vasectomy with Vasectomy Australi
a is approximately 0.5% (1 in 200 men).
PVPS may result from various causes, including
congestion, neuroma formation, nerve entrapme
nt, chronic epididymitis, chronic inflammation
, perineural fibrosis, or damage to structures
in the spermatic cord. In some cases, the exa
ct cause cannot be determined.
Most men with PVPS can be successfully treated
with medications and other non-surgical optio
ns, and their pain will eventually subside. In
less common instances, surgical treatments—su
ch as neurolysis (cutting nerves supplying the
testicles), vasectomy reversal, or other proc
edures—may be required to attempt pain relief.
However, these surgeries are not always succe
ssful. For men whose pain remains unresolved,
PVPS can lead to long-term psychological distr
ess or depression.